Short Subject: John Hubley's Films

by F.T. Rea

As a filmmaker, John Hubley (1914-77) was an independent's independent. Influenced by modern art and social causes he took cartoons where they had never been.

• "Rooty Toot Toot" (1951)

Hubley was hired as an apprentice to paint backgrounds for Walt Disney in 1935. The apprentice rapidly advanced but after a labor dispute with the union-despising Disney, Hubley left in 1941.

In 1942 Hubley joined the Army and served in its First Motion Picture Unit, which produced training films. During this stint Hubley refined the lean drawing style he later used when he joined another former Disney animator, Ub Iwerks, at United Productions of America. While at UPA Hubley created the Mr. Magoo character.

In the ‘50s Hubley’s refusal to name names for the House Un-American Activities Committee put him on the blacklist and eventually forced him to leave Southern California and become an independent producer/director.

Hubley married his animation collaborator, Faith Elliot, and they established their Storyboard Studio in New York City. The Hubleys focused on producing offbeat short films and distinctive commercials. They worked together on many projects until John’s death at the age of 62, three of their short films won Oscars.

• “The Hole” (1962).

The two Hubley films offered above should give the reader a bit of a feel for how he influenced a generation of filmmakers/animators. In looking at several of his films to prepare this post, it seemed to me he continued to get more experimental the older he got. Some of the little films he and Faith made at Storyboard still look avant-garde today. At times their work was inspired by their children and they occasionally used their kids' voices in their films.

As a bonus, here are links to two more Hubley shorts, here and here. There are lots of others available on YouTube.

Short Subject: 'The Red Balloon'

Ed. Note: “The Red Balloon” (1956): Color. 34 minutes. Directed by Albert Lamorisse. Cast: Pascal Lamorisse, Georges Sellier, Vladimir Popov, Sabine Lamorisse. Note: Set in Paris, the story follows the adventures of a boy and a balloon who become friends. The director’s son plays the boy. This famous short film won all sorts of awards in its day. 

Five Film Favorites: Movies About Television

by F.T. Rea

In the early-1950s television’s ability to reach into America’s living rooms was taking the country by storm. The advertising industry that was building up around television was already overshadowing the nation’s culture. Many observers saw TV as being in the process of killing off the Hollywood movie-making industry and the movie-exhibiting business, coast-to-coast.

To lure audiences into aging downtown movie palaces the most panicked producers in Hollywood reached out to eye candy developments such as CinemaScope and 3-D. Soon the studios decided they had to stop making movies in black and white. Eventually, one by one, the major studios sold off the rights to their old features to television. Into the '60s, the businessmen of Hollywood realized they had to throw off the Hays Code, adopted in the early-’30s to keep what was then as "smut" out of American movies.

A national trend moved the movie theater business into new multiplexes in the suburbs. Downtown single-auditorium movie houses fell onto hard times. So, Richmond is fortunate to have an authentic old movie palace still in operation as a cinema: The Byrd Theatre, which opened in 1928, is now owned and operated by a non-profit foundation.

Yet, some 60 years after the doom of big-budget movie-making was being predicted, while the old studio system that thrived in the ‘30s and ‘40s is history, it seems no matter how much it costs to make feature films, determined producers will always figure out ways to keep doing it.

Of course, one of the things that Hollywood has relished doing what television couldn’t do, or wouldn’t do, for a long time, was to tell unflattering stories about how the people who rule the television industry operate. As a medium, TV was too uptight to pull back the curtain to reveal its inner works. In other words, "The Dick Van Dyke Show" wasn’t a realistic look at the job of producing a weekly sitcom.

However circuitous, that introduction leads us to this installment of five film favorites -- movies about television. All of them were made in the 20th century, one of them, just barely: 

• “Broadcast News” (1987): Color. 133 minutes. Directed by  James L. Brooks. Cast: William Hurt, Albert Brooks, Holly Hunter, Jack Nicholson. Note: The inevitable rivalries that color the relationships of the news producer, writer/reporter and presenter/anchorman are explored. Being overly self-absorbed is an industry requirement. Roger Ebert said: “[As] knowledgeable about the TV news-gathering process as any movie ever made.”

• “The China Syndrome” (1979): Color. 122 minutes. Directed by James Bridges. Cast: Jane Fonda, Jack Lemmon, Michael Douglas, Scott Brady. Note: A reporter discovers a cover-up of an accident at a nuclear power plant and all hell breaks loose. Her determination to tell the story becomes dangerous to her and anyone close by. Ironically, the infamous Three Mile Island partial meltdown incident in Pennsylvania happened 12 days after this film was released in 1979. 

• “A Face in the Crowd” (1957): B&W. 126 minutes. Directed by Elia Kazan. Cast: Andy Griffith, Patricia Neal, Walter Matthau, Anthony Franciosa, Lee Remick. Note: An early warning about television’s potential to boost a charismatic personality into real power. As corny as this film is, in ways, most of it holds up well. Although Andy Griffith doesn’t play a heavy often, he sure knocks it out of the park in this one.

• “Magnolia” (1999): Color. 188 minutes. Directed by  Paul Thomas Anderson. Cast: Jason Robards, Julianne Moore, John C. Reilly, Philip Seymour Hoffman, William H. Macy, Tom Cruise, Philip Baker Hall. Note: A dark but whimsical story about fate and luck, told from several angles that overlap. The scene that unites all the characters, to sing the same Aimee Mann song is about as risky AND as satisfying as it gets on the big screen.

• “Network” (1976): Color. 121 minutes. Directed by Sydney Lumet. Cast: Peter Finch, Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Robert Duvall. Note: The future of cable television’s soon-to-be-seen excesses in bad taste is anticipated with chilling accuracy by writer Paddy Chayefsky. Finch’s unhinged anchorman character, Howard “I’m Mad as Hell” Beale, is unforgettable. It won him an Oscar.

Close runners-up: Although I wanted to put “Medium Cool” (1969) on this list, it’s been so long since I’ve seen it that I couldn‘t do it. “Wag the Dog” (1997) almost made the list, too. If I’ve left off your favorite movie about television, please feel free to use the comments option this blogzine offers to give it its proper due.

Next Thursday another Five Film Favorites episode with a different category will be offered.